Oral and Craniofacial Health and Disease (OCHD) Practice Test

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• What system surrounds the salivary glands?
• In pre-cavitation dentine caries, which zone lies between the Sclerotic Zone (SZ) and the ADJ?
• What are the four zones of enamel caries in a ground section?
• Which statement is true regarding odontoblast differentiation signals?
• Which secretion pathway is primarily to saliva?
• Which pairing correctly matches the pulpitis classification with its associated lesion?
• How long does the primary dentition take to fully develop?
• Which glands are predominant in secreting stimulated saliva?
• The mastoid process belongs to which bone?
• How many pairs of pharyngeal arches are present in the neck at 3.5 weeks?
• What happens in the dark zone of enamel caries?
• How does carcinoma spread?
• Which zone shows re-precipitation of minerals dissolved out of the translucent zone?
• Which disease among the hyperkeratinizing conditions is caused by infection?
• Name a potential space between the dura mater and the skull.
• Which factors induce ectomesenchymal cells to differentiate into odontoblasts?
• Which period ends at 8 weeks?
• What are the types of sclerotic dentine?
• Stylopharyngeus is derived from which pharyngeal arch?
• Which of the following is NOT a size of Sharps Containers?
• What does HIV bind to?
• What is arrested caries?
• Nerve supply of the first pharyngeal arch?
• The Salpingopharyngeus inserts on which structure?
• Which papillae are the largest?
• Gingival fibres of the periodontal ligament run into which tissue to anchor the gingiva to the teeth?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a pioneer coloniser?
• Why does the Translucent Zone appear Translucent and the Dark Zone appear Dark?
• Medicinal & Chemical Contaminated Clinical Waste bag color is which?
• Which signaling molecules are involved in the Enamel Knot's refinement of tooth shape?
• What is the outer layer of the dura mater called that adheres to the skull?
• Which pharyngeal arch gives rise to the mandible?
• Which substance is used for irradiation?
• During stimulation, which major gland predominates?
• Which is the first stage of tooth development?
• Dentogingival periodontal ligament fibers are oriented which way?
• What is the shape of preodontoblasts?
• Flash is measured in what unit?
• What is the name of the inner layer of the dura mater?
• Which statement about Bio-Gide is true?
• What happens in the body of the enamel caries lesion?
• Which waste category uses Red bags?
• What is the function of the Horizontal Fibres of the Periodontal Ligament?
• How many bones form the skull?
• Which gland among minor glands is serous?
• What is the order of the cranial meninges from superficial to deep?
• Which muscle is innervated by the temporal branch of the facial nerve?
• Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the nasopharynx?
• How does adenocarcinoma spread?
• Posterior Cerebral Artery arises from which artery?
• What is the name the dentine laid down after mantle dentine?
• During dentin formation, in which direction do odontoblasts secrete dentine relative to their own movement?
• Nerve supply of the third pharyngeal arch?
• Which of the following is NOT a pharyngeal constrictor muscle?
• The hyoid bone is derived from which pharyngeal arch?
• Which space lies between the dura mater and the skull and can be a potential space in pathology?
• What pH should the oral cavity be maintained around?
• Who suggested the proteolytic theory of cariogenesis?
• Which orientation is characteristic of Principle periodontal ligament fibers?
• What does the External Dental Epithelium do?
• What is the function of the Apical Fibres of the Periodontal Ligament?
• What is the porosity of the Dark Zone?
• Which percentage corresponds to the mineral content of dentine?
• Which disease is immune mediated among the listed hyperkeratinizing conditions?
• Where does the oropharynx extend into?
• How long does the permanent dentition take to develop?
• The vertebral arteries arise as branches of which artery?
• The anterior belly of the digastric originates from which area?
• Bio-Gide membrane is primarily composed of collagen from which source?
• Which gland is primarily responsible for stimulated saliva?
• Inflammatory disease of the dental pulp is commonly termed which?
• In keratinised epithelium, which layer lies directly superficial to the basal layer?
• What are the layers of the enamel organ from inside to out?
• What is the real space within the meninges that contains cerebrospinal fluid?
• What type of secretion are the Minor Salivary Glands?
• Which statement correctly lists the four types of papillae on the tongue?
• Levator veli palatini is derived from which pharyngeal arch?
• Which nerve supplies the muscles of mastication?
• Adenoma arises from which tissue?
• Dentine is derived from which tissue?
• Which of the following items is included as SAFE factors along with Saliva, Fluoride, and Antimicrobials/Awareness?
• What pressure does an autoclave run at?
• Approximately how many years does root formation of permanent teeth take?
• Crown calcification of primary teeth begins 12 months before eruption.
• Laryngeal cartilages and epiglottis are derivatives of which arch?
• What is the sensor size listed for mobile phone cameras?
• Dentogingival PDL fibers are oriented how?
• Who suggested the proteolytic theory of cariogenesis?
• Perineural invasion is best described as what?
• What composes the submucosa?
• Which of the following is a standard for obtaining valid consent?
• Bio-Oss is a natural bone substitute material derived from which source?
• Two general pathways for Protein Secretion in the Salivary Glands?
• Which fiber group provides space-occupying support in multi-rooted teeth?
• Which statement about the vocal fold epithelium is true regarding the vocal folds?
• Which glands are predominant in resting saliva?
• The superficial and deep veins of the cranium drain into which veins?
• Where does mantle dentine form a thin layer?
• Enamel rods are arranged in which pattern?
• What is the permanent teeth eruption order?
• Which signal is sent by the Dental Papilla to the Enamel Knot to induce mitotic division in the internal dental epithelium?
• Which type of mucosa is associated with resistance by papillae and taste buds on the dorsal surface of the tongue?
• Which space lies between the arachnoid and pia mater?
• Which statement describes predentine relative to dentine?
• Which statement about the minor ligaments of the TMJ is true?
• What is the thickness of cementum at the apex?
• What are the three main types of cameras?
• What is the typical pH range of saliva?
• Which muscles comprise the pharyngeal constrictors?
• Which artery supplies Broca's area?
• What shape are enamel rods?
• What percentage of oral cancer patients die, given no improvement in survival over several decades in the UK?
• What is the function of the Alveolodental and Dentogingival Fibres of the Periodontal Ligament?
• The roots of primary teeth fully form after eruption by how many months?
• Which muscle is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve?
• The typical ratio of Type I to Type II collagen in gingivae is?
• Which organism is part of the oral flora acquired from a C-section birth?
• Which tooth is most commonly affected by trauma in the primary dentition?
• Which PDL fiber type connects cementum to gingiva?
• Which glands are predominant in secreting unstimulated saliva?
• Which substance is used for chemical sterilization?
• What is the primary function of the Stellate Reticulum during tooth development?
• What is chronic caries?
• The proteolytic theory of cariogenesis was proposed by Gottlieb in 1944.
• Enamel thickness is approximately how thick?
• Which statement about temporalis attachments is true?
• From which arteries do the Anterior Cerebral Artery and Middle Cerebral Artery arise?
• Which term describes the redness observed in inflammation?
• In 2016, approximately how many new oral cancer cases were reported annually in the UK?
• Which nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?
• Which orientation is associated with Horizontal periodontal ligament fibers?
• Cementum is mineralised to what percentage (alternate)?
• In a cross-section of dentine, what do the pink areas indicate?
• Chronic Closed pulpitis is described as which condition?
• What is Wernicke's area?
• Who is credited with proposing the acidogenic theory of cariogenesis?
• Which muscle does the temporal branch of the facial nerve supply?
• Which tissue forms the articular disc?
• What are the major ligaments of the TMJ?
• What are the minor ligaments of the TMJ?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a factor secreted by the dental follicle to cause resorption of overlying bone to create an eruption pathway?
• Transeptal periodontal ligament fibers have which orientation?
• Which condition among the following is caused by infection?
• Which statement correctly identifies the cells found in the periodontal ligament?
• Which component fills spaces between fibre bundles in the PDL?
• Alveolodental periodontal ligament fibers are oriented which way?
• In enamel caries, which zone demonstrates preferential loss of Mg and CO3?
• Which cartilage covers the articular surfaces of the TMJ?
• What type of epithelium does endoderm form in the digestive and respiratory systems?
• Where is interradicular bone located?
• Mantle dentine is secreted by which cells?
• Roots are fully formed how many years after eruption of permanent teeth?
• Into which veins do the dural venous sinuses primarily drain?
• What is the critical pH for enamel demineralization?
• What structures does neuroectoderm form?
• Which nerve is also known as the Accessory nerve?
• What is the third pharyngeal arch?
• Which pairing correctly matches an enamel caries zone with its characteristic event?
• Which periodontal ligament fiber group attaches the tooth to the alveolar bone?
• Which glands contribute to resting saliva?
• At 4 weeks, what does the first pharyngeal arch give rise to?
• From a morula, what structure forms?
• What does the falx cerebelli separate?
• Inflammatory periapical diseases include which condition?
• Skeletal derivatives of the first pharyngeal arch?
• The ecological theory of cariogenesis is associated with which year?
• What are the names of the two deep muscles of mastication?
• The Dentogingival Periodontal Fibres attach to which structures?
• Which muscle is supplied by the third pharyngeal arch?
• ADJ stands for what in the context of enamel and dentine caries?
• Which standard relates to maintaining and protecting patient information?
• Crown formation is complete how many years before eruption of permanent teeth?
• Which disease presents with hyperkeratinization and has a hereditary pattern?
• Which of the following is NOT a skeletal derivative of the fourth pharyngeal arch?
• In the permanent dentition, which type of trauma injury is most common?
• Which event occurs at 7 weeks post-fertilization?
• Which structure is NOT an anterior attachment of the Inferior Constrictor?
• Cerebellar arteries supply which structures?
• What is acute caries?
• The Palatopharyngeus inserts on which structure?
• Which concept explains why the nerve that innervates a pharyngeal arch also innervates muscles, skin, and mucosa derived from that arch?
• Damage to which artery commonly causes aphasia due to involvement of Broca's and Wernicke's areas?
• The Palatopharyngeus muscle has origin from which structure?
• Temporalis attaches to which structure?
• What does a yellow lid sharps container indicate?
• Where does the Lateral Pterygoid muscle originate?
• Which statement best describes the timing between crown calcification and eruption for primary teeth?
• Which of the following is NOT a cause of inflammation?
• During arteriolar vasoconstriction in acute inflammation, the affected area becomes what?
• Which germ layer gives rise to mucous epithelium for the digestive and respiratory systems?
• Embryonic period time frames question
• Name the arterial sources that supply the brain.
• What does oral ectoderm differentiate into?
• In alveolar bone, what does trabecular bone form?
• Which type of oral mucosa lines areas of high abrasion, such as the hard palate and gingiva?
• Which zone has a porosity range of 1-2%?
• Initially when enamel is secreted, what percentage of it is mineralised?
• What is the width of attached gingiva?
• Type 2 arrested caries corresponds to which lesion?
• What are the 3 zones of the Body of Dentine Caries after Cavitation?
• In 2016, approximately how many deaths from oral cancer occurred annually in the UK?
• Which dural fold separates the cerebellum from the cerebrum?
• When is F-1,6-DP active?
• Which region has the narrowest width of attached gingiva?
• What is the correct order of layers from superficial to deep in a keratinised epithelium?
• Between which cartilages is the Cricothyroid membrane located?
• Apical periodontal ligament fibers are oriented in which direction?
• Which statement about tubal tonsils is true?
• What percentage of cementum is mineralised?
• What does the tentorium cerebelli separate?
• Which signaling molecules are involved in shaping the tooth according to the Dental Papilla?
• BMPs secreted by odontoblasts induce differentiation of which tissue into ameloblasts?
• What materials are considered flexible impressions?
• What does ectomesenchyme form?
• What does the falx cerebri separate?
• Crown calcification begins how many years before eruption of permanent teeth?
• How many bones form the cranium?
• What is the lamina propria described as?
• The dentine formed after mantle dentine is known as what?
• Which of the following are functions of the oral mucosa?
• Where are tubal tonsils located?
• What is electroporation?
• Lining mucosa is typically located on which regions of the oral cavity?
• An example of an opportunistic pathogen given in the material is which of the following?
• What is the primary purpose of inflammation?
• Functi Laesa refers to which feature of inflammation?
• What is the porosity of the Body of the Lesion?
• Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the laryngopharynx?
• In a cross-section of dentine, which region around the tubules is more mineralised?
• Where are the pharyngeal tonsils located?
• Which of the following is NOT an attachment point for the Lateral Pterygoid muscle?
• Which statement describes the surface zone of enamel caries?
• Which tissue is avascular and relies on the Stellate Reticulum for nutrients?
• What is the function of the Transeptal Fibres of the Periodontal Ligament?
• Which arch gives rise to the tensor veli palatini?
• What percentage mineralised is peritubular dentine?
• Which arch gives rise to the malleus and incus?
• Which sequence correctly lists the three stages of tooth development in order?
• Where do the vocal folds attach?
• Which pharyngeal region extends from the epiglottis to the cricoid cartilage?
• Which veins drain into the brachiocephalic veins?
• Which of the following correctly lists the four groups of tonsillar tissue?
• Which growth factors are produced by the Dental Papilla to help establish the overall shape of the tooth?
• NOT an acidogenic bacterium?
• At what level does the common carotid bifurcate?
• Which of the following is considered a SAFE factor?
• Which buffer system maintains the oral pH?
• Acute Open pulpitis is defined by which clinical finding?
• What color is cementum?
• Chronic Open pulpitis is defined as which condition?
• Nerve supply of the second pharyngeal arch?
• What aperture and camera orientation are recommended for extraoral photographs?
• Which of the following is NOT a feature of degenerative disease of the pulp?
• For how many decades has there been no improvement in survival from oral cancer in the UK?
• Where does the sternocleidomastoid originate?
• Where do you find acellular cementum?
• What is the anatomical term for the Adam's Apple?
• Which option best describes the periodontal ligament's fibrous content?
• What is the second pharyngeal arch?
• Who suggested the ecological theory of cariogenesis?
• The Salpingopharyngeus originates from which structure?
• Which tissue contributes to the development of both dentine and pulp?
• Which cranial nerve provides motor innervation to the muscles of mastication?
• How does the onset of acute inflammation compare to chronic inflammation?
• Emdogain is derived from which source?
• Reactive periapical diseases comprise which of the following?
• Which statement correctly describes motor innervation to the pharynx?
• Degenerative disease of the dental pulp includes which features?
• Name the two superficial pairs of Muscles of Mastication.
• The masseter attaches from the zygomatic arch to the lateral aspect of the ramus of the mandible. Which statement is true?
• At what age do primary teeth begin erupting?
• Which growth factors are involved in initiation?
• At what temperature range does an autoclave operate?
• Which of the following is NOT a skeletal derivative of the second pharyngeal arch?
• Which nerve provides motor innervation to the cricothyroid muscle? (Alternate phrasing)
• Pulp is derived from which tissue?
• Where are lingual tonsils located?
• Which two fiber groups are primarily responsible for keeping the gingiva in close contact with the tooth?
• How many cervical vertebrae are there?
• Which muscle is supplied by the second pharyngeal arch?
• Where do the anterior digastric muscles originate?
• Which region has the widest width of attached gingiva?
• Which color is used for Domestic Waste bags?
• What is the role of gingival crevicular fluid?
• When is F-1,6-DP inactive?
• What medications cause gingival hyperplasia?
• How many pairs of muscles of mastication are there?
• Which of the following is NOT a stage of tooth development?
• Which arteries supply the brain?
• In the vascular response during acute inflammation, which best describes vascular stasis?
• Which teeth does Hypodontia commonly affect?
• What is liquefaction foci?
• How long does an autoclave run for at 134˚C?
• Which of the following is considered a SAFE factor for caries?
• Which statement best describes the role of Intracellular Polysaccharides in cariogenic bacteria?
• What is the shape of odontoblasts?
• Nerve supply of the fourth pharyngeal arch?
• Which mucosa type is considered specialized and includes the vermillion border and junctional epithelium?
• What is pavementation?
• Which process creates an eruption pathway for a developing tooth?
• Roots are fully formed how many months after eruption of primary teeth?
• What type of epithelium does the nasopharynx contain?
• Leukoplakia is a hyperkeratinization condition that is idiopathic.
• The internal dental epithelium differentiates to form which cell type responsible for enamel synthesis?
• Streptococcus sanguinis binds to which salivary components?
• Which period spans 2.5 to 8 weeks?
• Type 1 arrested caries is characterized by which lesion becoming self-cleansing?
• What is the approximate salivary flow rate per minute?
• What is the focal length of the eyes?
• Alveolar bone arises from what source?
• In the primary dentition, at what age is trauma most commonly observed?
• In the granular layer, which granules coat cell membranes to produce waterproof barriers?
• Which pharyngeal muscle originates from the auditory tube cartilages?
• Through which opening do the vertebral arteries enter the skull?
• Infectious Waste bags are color-coded as which color?
• Which structure is NOT in the carotid sheath?
• Where does the laryngopharynx extend into?
• What is the flash length of an SLR?
• Acanthosis is best described as thickening of which epidermal layer?
• Chronic Open pulpitis is best described as which finding?
• Which is a characteristic of a mucocompressive impression?
• From which tissue does the enamel organ originate?
• Which microorganism is the first colonizer of the human oral cavity?
• Which nerve provides motor innervation to the cricothyroid muscle?
• Emdogain remains on the root surface for how long?
• Where does the sternocleidomastoid insert?
• What are the three layers of the oral mucosa?
• Which nerve provides motor innervation to many intrinsic laryngeal muscles?
• What are the origin and insertion of the stylopharyngeus muscle?
• Which statement about enamel matrix proteins is correct?
• Which artery supplies the visual cortex?
• What is the prevalence of dental trauma at age 12?
• Which pharyngeal arches fuse to become one?
• What is the epithelium type in the oral mucosa?
• If the dental follicle is removed, what would this prevent?
• What type of epithelium is in the vocal folds?
• In a scenario where Noggin inhibits BMP signaling during tooth initiation, which pattern of gene expression changes is expected?
• Roots are derived from which tissue?
• What is the first pharyngeal arch?
• What does a purple lid sharps container indicate?
• Which statement best describes the role of oedema in acute inflammation?
• Which nerve innervates the muscles of facial expression?
• Which statement is true regarding acellular and cellular cementum distribution?
• Where do the anterior digastric muscles insert into?
• What is margination?
• What is the articular disc made of?
• Which of the following is a standard for the dental team?
• What is the porosity of the Intact Enamel?
• Which nerve is NOT a contributor to the pharyngeal plexus?
• Which artery supplies the leg area of motor and sensory cortex?
• Which arch gives rise to the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?
• Which combination correctly matches autoclave parameters?
• If Dmp and Dsp are not present, what happens to odontoblasts?
• Which statement best describes preodontoblasts’ organelle development?
• Which option correctly states the numbers of bones in the skull and cranium?
• Where does the nasopharynx extend into?
• Which molecule does the dental follicle secrete to induce osteoblasts for alveolar bone formation?
• What is the daily saliva secretion in adults?
• Which system is used for sugar to enter bacterial cells at normal pH and low sugar?
• Cytotoxic Waste bags used in medical waste streams are which color?
• What is a mucostatic impression?
• Which muscles are supplied by the fourth pharyngeal arch?
• What does the posterior cerebral artery supply?
• Which happens if BMPs are replaced with Noggin Protein?
• Interradicular periodontal ligament fibers are oriented how?
• Which statement about the prevalence of oral cancer in the UK is correct?
• Which muscles are the only abductors of the vocal folds?
• Which statement best describes margination?
• Which statement best describes the tissue injury associated with acute versus chronic inflammation?
• Crown calcification begins how many months before eruption of primary teeth?
• Enamel is derived from which tissue?
• In chronic inflammation, which cells are typically involved in the inflammatory infiltrate?
• Which characteristic best defines a mucostatic impression?
• Which germ layer forms CNS and PNS nerves?
• Which papillae are heavily keratinised?
• What is the flash length of a compact camera?
• BMP4 produced by the Dental Papilla targets which structure to refine signaling?
• What type of epithelium is in the larynx?
• During enamel formation, in which direction do ameloblasts secrete enamel relative to their own movement?
• For permanent teeth, crown calcification begins how many years before eruption?
• Which artery supplies the auditory cortex?
• What color is used for Infectious Waste bags?
• Which layer is immediately external to Stellate Reticulum?
• When does the primary epithelial band appear?
• Which of the following is NOT a feature of inflammation?
• The Transeptal Periodontal Fibres attach to which structures?
• What is Broca's area?
• Which cell type predominates in the acute inflammatory infiltrate?
• For anterior intraoral photographs, what aperture range is recommended?
• The cervical loop forms which structure that shapes the roots and induces dentine formation in the root?
• White Sponge Nevus is associated with defects in which keratins?
• Who suggested the acidogenic theory of cariogenesis?
• Which Gram-positive rod is commonly found in the microbial flora of dental plaque?
• Which statement correctly describes the location of lingual tonsils?
• Cytotoxic Medicine Waste is bagged in which color?
• Which structures are contained in the carotid sheath?
• Where do you find cellular cementum?
• NOT a SAFE factor for caries?
• What is the direction of spread in primary caries versus secondary caries?
• Which statement best describes the vascular response in acute inflammation?
• What does the anterior cerebral artery supply?
• Porosities greater than what percent result in cavitation?
• What shape are ameloblasts?
• What induces the differentiation of the internal dental epithelial layer into ameloblasts?
• Which form is described as the most common large carious lesion?
• Which statement about Bio-Gide is true?
• In a cross-section of dentine, what do the white areas indicate?
• Which of the following is a principal fiber group?
• Von Ebner's gland is serous.
• Defects in which keratins cause White Sponge Nevus?
• Which muscle is supplied by the Cervical Branch of the Facial Nerve?
• Crown calcification is complete how many months before eruption of primary teeth?
• The third pharyngeal arch is associated with which nerve?
• Anatomical Waste bags are color-coded to which color?
• Which PDL fiber connects the cementum of adjacent teeth?
• What are the 3 variable factors that affect pitch?
• Which two muscles form the superficial pair of mastication?
• Which of the following describes Acute Closed pulpitis?
• Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the oropharynx?
• Where does the head of the lateral pterygoid muscle attach?
• What is the thickness of cementum at the cervix?
• Which bacterium is the main caries-causing organism?
• Acanthosis is defined as
• Pulp tissue is derived from which tissue?
• Which enzyme is used to separate the Enamel Organ from the Dental Papilla?
• What is the posterior attachment for the circular muscles of the pharynx?
• Which disease is hereditary and hyperkeratinization?
• Which microorganism is non-cariogenic but produces EPS?
• Streptococcus mutans binds to which salivary components?
• BAD factor for caries?
• At what age is trauma most common in the permanent dentition?
• Medicine Waste bags are color-coded to which color?
• Which fiber is located primarily in the interradicular space between roots?
• Which option correctly lists the two main zones of dentine caries before cavitation?
• Who suggested the ecological theory of cariogenesis?
• Sensory to larynx is provided by which nerves?
• Which statement about laryngeal epithelium is true regarding the vocal folds?
• Which color bag is designated for Offensive Waste?
• What do preodontoblasts secrete?
• Palatopharyngeus origin and insertion pair?
• Lipoma arises from which tissue?
• Which disease causing hyperkeratinization is immune mediated?
• What percent mineralised is dentine?
• Cerebellar arteries arise from which arterial system?
• The Dental Follicle gives rise to which structures?
• Which statement about Bio-Oss is true?
• Where does the Masseter attach?
• Which artery supplies structures of the neck through branches of the external carotid arteries?
• Which muscle is supplied by the Buccal Branch of the Facial Nerve?
• ID50 is the infectious dose required to infect what percentage of individuals?
• In which order do primary dentition erupt?
• The Alveolodental Periodontal Fibres attach to which structures?
• During increased vascular permeability in acute inflammation, the affected area presents as:
• Which cell type predominates in the chronic inflammatory infiltrate?
• Enamel is derived from which tissue?
• Which statement about cementum thickness along the root is true?
• What are the four main groups of Gingival Fibres?
• How many processes does the ramus have?
• Which type of trauma injury is most common in the primary dentition?
• Which statement best describes enamel secretion direction and ameloblast movement during enamel formation?
• Which microorganism is cariogenic but does not produce any EPS or IPS?
• The pharyngeal plexus is formed by which nerves?
• What is the outer layer of the blastocyst called?
• Domestic Waste bags are color-coded to which color?
• 3 Components of the PDL
• At rest, the laryngopharynx extends from which cervical vertebrae?
• Which of the following is NOT an attachment point for the Medial Pterygoid muscle?
• What percent mineralised is enamel?
• What does a morula form?
• What is the shape of caries?
• If the dark zone is broad, what does this indicate about the caries lesion?
• From the start of crown calcification of primary teeth to the completion of root formation after eruption, the total time is approximately how many months?
• How does sarcoma spread?
• Medicinal & Chemical Contaminated Clinical Waste is bagged in which color?
• Dentine is derived from which tissue?
• Which organism is acquired with the vaginal delivery of a baby as part of the oral flora?
• What is the superficial-to-deep order for non-keratinised epithelium?
• Goblet cells are characteristic of which epithelium in the laryngeal region?
• What type of gene coding codes for the type of tooth?
• If the Dark Zone is narrow, what does this show?
• Actinomyces selectively bind to which salivary proteins?
• During dilation of arterioles, capillaries, and venules in acute inflammation, the affected area appears:
• What is the porosity of the Translucent Zone?
• Which tissues can mesoderm form?
• Which organism binds to Sialic acid in saliva?
• The apex cementum is thicker than the cervical cementum.
• Which nerve contributes to the pharyngeal plexus along with glossopharyngeal?
• In a cross-section of dentine, which feature do the black areas indicate?
• What forms the cervical loop in tooth development?
• The membrane between the thyroid and cricoid cartilages is called which?
• What is a mucocompressive impression?
• What is the function of the Interradicular Fibres of the Periodontal Ligament?
• Which muscle inserts at the Coronoid Process of the mandible?
• Which orientation is horizontal?
• What is the sensor size of a standard SLR camera?
• Which fiber attaches cementum to bone at the root apex?
• In the granular layer, which granules bind cytokeratin filaments to form keratin?
• What does an orange lid sharps container indicate?
• The sternocleidomastoid originates from the sternum and which other bone?
• In the translucent zone of enamel caries, which mineral change occurs preferentially?
• What is the ratio of Amelogenin to Enamelin proteins in the matrix?
• When does the ball bud stage of initiation occur?
• Which of the following is NOT a layer of the enamel organ?
• Salpingopharyngeus origin and insertion pair?
• What does the middle cerebral artery supply?
• Which statement best describes a mucostatic impression?
• Which fiber groups help attach the gingiva to the tooth surface and resist recession?
• What does Streptococcus pyogenes bind to?
• What is the function of the Principle Fibres of the Periodontal Ligament?
• What are the principal events of acute inflammation?
• Ankylosis is defined as
• Emdogain promotes regeneration of which structures?
• Which tissue provides signals BMP2, FGFs, and TGF-β to induce odontoblast differentiation?
• Intracellular Polysaccharides are used during starvation as a source of carbohydrate.
• Which type of cells are dominant in the initiation phase of tooth development?
• Which of the following is considered a SAFE factor?
• Which arch is the second pharyngeal arch?
• What is the infectious dose of most pathogens to be ill?
• Where does the posterior belly of the digastric muscle insert?
• What enzyme is used for sugar to enter bacterial cells at low pH and high sugar?
• Neoplasia is defined as?
• What is the reported prevalence range of dental trauma in the primary dentition?
• Which ligament is described as a thickened capsule that covers inner TMJ structures?
• In photography, aperture is measured in what units?
• Which layer serves as the regenerative layer that gives rise to new epithelial cells in keratinised epithelium?
• Which tissues can ectoderm form?
• Which muscle is supplied by the Zygomatic Branch of the Facial Nerve?
• Which signaling molecules are included in enamel knot's refinement of tooth shape?
• What is the role of cricopharyngeus?
• In the eruption order of primary dentition, which letter denotes the last erupting tooth?
• Acute Closed pulpitis is associated with which etiologies?
• Which layer lies between Internal Dental Epithelium and Stellate Reticulum?
• For occlusal intraoral photographs, what aperture is used?
• Which of the following is NOT a longitudinal muscle of the pharynx?
• For all intraoral photographs, what orientation and aperture are recommended?
• Which muscle is supplied by the first pharyngeal arch?
• What is the shutter speed of a hand held camera?
• The second pharyngeal arch is also known as the what?
• From which structure do cementum and the periodontal ligament develop?
• Which medication is known to cause gingival hyperplasia?